When you put the power meter on the stage, there would (presumably) be
an air gap between the objective and the power meter. Would that not
prevent the higher angle rays from coming out of a high NA immersion
objective (due to total internal reflection)?
I guess if the requirements are not stringent then measuring the power
at the back aperture (putting in a hole the size of the back aperture
instead of the lens) and assuming a reasonable transmittance by the
objective (say 0.9 or 0.95 for 514 nm) would be a closer approximation
to the actual laser power at the sample.
Sudipta